Used Toyota Crown for Sale

Toyota Crown Purchase Guide

The Crown is Toyota's flagship luxury car, first launched in 1955 as the original "Toyopet Crown." The 10th through 15th generations were rear-wheel-drive (FR) sedans built mainly for the Japanese market, widely used not only as private cars but also as executive cars, chauffeured hire cars, and police cars. The 16th generation split into four body types (Crossover, Sport, Sedan, and Estate) and became a global model, with plans to sell it in around 40 countries and regions. When buying used, the first decision is whether you want a uniquely Japanese luxury sedan or a newer, globally oriented Crown.

10th-Generation Crown (JZS151/JZS155 and others / 1995–1999): The 40th-anniversary model that went fully unibody across the lineup and offered 4WD for the first time

What Makes the 10th-Generation Crown Appealing

The separate frame gave way to unibody construction for every model, with new safety equipment and 4WD transforming what lay underneath

The 10th-generation Crown arrived in 1995, marking 40 years since the original model of 1955. Its tagline was "Beautiful, and it drives. Japan's Crown." The 4-door hardtop was replaced first, in August 1995, and the sedan followed that December. There is some history behind the sedan's changeover. Because Crown sales had shifted toward the hardtop, only the hardtop was redesigned for the 9th generation in 1991, while the sedan continued as the 8th-generation model launched in 1987. In December 1995, the sedan was finally renewed after eight years. At the same time, a separate model, the "Crown Comfort," was newly introduced for taxi use and took over the commercial-vehicle role. Since the Comfort is a different model, it is not covered in this article. The biggest change was the structure. For many years, the Crown had been built with its body mounted on a sturdy separate frame. For the 10th generation, the full unibody construction used in the previous upscale Crown Majesta was extended to every model. This generation also introduced the "GOA" collision-safety body, standard front airbags, available side airbags, VSC to curb skidding, and Brake Assist. Powertrains comprised gasoline engines of 2.0L (1G-FE), 2.5L (JZS151), and 3.0L (JZS155), plus a 2.4L diesel (LS151H). A 4-speed automatic was the standard transmission, and depending on the model year, the 3.0L Royal Touring was paired with a 5-speed automatic. 4WD was also offered for the first time on a Crown, with the full-time 4WD "Four" available (2.5L JZS153 and 3.0L JZS157). For a Crown that had until then been rear-wheel drive only, becoming a realistic choice for people in snowy regions was a major change. The core grades were the Royal Extra, Royal Touring, Royal Saloon, and Royal Saloon G. There was also an "Anniversary Package" commemorating the 40th anniversary. The exterior is described as a return from the rounded 9th generation to a crisp, straight-lined shape.

Drawbacks of the 10th-Generation Crown

Even the newest examples are classics over 25 years old. Watch the electrical components, rubber parts, and the underbody of 4WD models

Even the newest, 1999 models are more than 25 years old. In countries where older cars are easier to import, such as under the U.S. 25-year rule, they qualify, but condition varies greatly from car to car. This is a generation to choose based on how it has been maintained rather than on mileage. Rubber parts such as suspension bushings, engine mounts, and coolant and power steering hoses harden and crack with age. On a test drive, it's reassuring to check for clunking over bumps and for any unnatural feel in the steering. Look underneath and check for oil leaks around the engine and power steering as well. For the cooling system, being able to trace radiator and water pump replacements through records is a strong point in a car's favor. Most transmissions are 4-speed automatics. Check for harsh shifts when pulling away or accelerating, and for slipping, where revs rise but the car doesn't pull. A car with a record of ATF changes deserves an even higher rating. As for equipment, the "EMV" (a touch-panel multifunction display) on upper grades is said to have problems on some cars, such as a dim screen or unresponsive touch input. The navigation system is based on Japanese maps, so assume it cannot be used for route guidance outside Japan. Cracked wood-grain panels, worn seat upholstery, and sagging headliners are also common given the age. Many Four 4WD models were used in snowy regions, so underbody rust from road salt varies considerably. Their catalog fuel economy is also noticeably worse than the 3.0L RWD model. The LS151H diesel is rare on the market, and you'll need to check in advance whether it meets the emissions regulations of the destination country. Finally, the used market distinguishes between early and late models, and some exterior parts are said not to interchange between them. On Japanese registration documents (the vehicle inspection certificate), the model code carries a different prefix depending on the model year, such as "E-JZS155" or "GF-JZS155." Including this notation when matching parts or cross-checking documents helps avoid mix-ups.

Rivals of the 10th-Generation Crown

Nissan Cedric / Gloria

The cars it was compared against in its era were the Nissan Cedric and Gloria. The two were mechanically identical siblings, differentiated by their badges and small design details. In Japan, the Crown and the "Cedric / Gloria" were long regarded as the two main forces among upscale RWD sedans, chosen both by owners who drove themselves and by those riding in the back seat of company cars and chauffeured hire cars. The first factor in choosing between them is availability. The Crown appears to be more plentiful on the used market, giving more room to find a car that matches your requirements in body style, grade, and drivetrain. In particular, having the full-time 4WD Four in its lineup is a strength of the 10th-generation Crown. If you plan to use the car in a snowy region, the Crown is a step ahead in terms of ease of choice as well. On the maintenance side, it shares many parts with Toyota RWD sedans of the same era, and parts are said to be easier to find overseas as well. Because the Nissans are less common, buyers often need to act quickly once they find a specification they like. On the other hand, for those looking for a different driving feel or atmosphere from the Crown, or who want to avoid driving the same car as everyone else, the Cedric / Gloria is an attractive option. If you're happy with either of the two siblings, the number of cars you can search through increases considerably. Whichever you choose, it's a large sedan more than 25 years old. Whether maintenance records exist, whether the rubber parts and cooling system have been attended to, and how little rust there is underneath will affect your satisfaction far more than the nameplate. Simply choosing whichever side turns up a car in good condition is a perfectly valid approach.

10th-Generation Crown Specifications

2.0L / 2.5L / 3.0L and 2.4L diesel, mainly 4-speed automatic, RWD and 4WD

Engine: 1,988cc gasoline (1G-FE), 2,491cc gasoline (JZS151 / JZS153), 2,997cc gasoline (JZS155 / JZS157), 2,446cc diesel (LS151H) Transmission: 4-speed automatic (torque converter). 5-speed automatic on the 3.0L Royal Touring depending on model year. 5-speed manual on the sedan Super Deluxe Drivetrain: RWD (rear-wheel drive) / full-time 4WD (JZS153 and JZS157, grade name "Four") Features: Full unibody construction, as used in the previous Majesta, adopted across all models. GOA collision-safety body, standard front airbags, and the first 4WD offered on a Crown. Hardtop renewed in August 1995 and sedan in December.

11th-Generation Crown (JZS175 and others / 1999–2003): The Generation That Introduced the Athlete Alongside the Royal

Strengths of the 11th-Generation Crown

Choose between two distinct lines: the sporty Athlete and the traditional Royal

The 11th-generation Crown went on sale in September 1999. At this point, Toyota added a new Athlete series, designed to offer "driving appeal not found in previous Crowns," alongside the existing Royal series. From here on, the Crown was offered in two lines. The upmarket Crown Majesta was fully redesigned at the same time, but it is a separate model with different dimensions, including an overall length of 4,900mm. The packaging was completely revamped from the previous generation. By positioning the engine and fuel tank closer to the center of the body, Toyota reduced the inertia involved in changing direction (yaw moment of inertia) and improved handling. At the same time, the cabin and cargo area grew larger. The overall length of 4,820mm and wheelbase of 2,780mm are the same as the previous generation. However, the front overhang was shortened by 50mm and the overall height raised by 30mm, increasing front headroom by 20mm and interior length by 40mm. Trunk capacity is 530L by the VDA method, 110L more than before. For anyone who carries golf bags or frequently drives long distances, the difference is clearly noticeable. Powertrains include 2.0L, 2.5L (2,491cc), and 3.0L (2,997cc) engines, with combinations varying by grade. The 5-speed AT comes with the 3.0L direct-injection RWD models and the Athlete's 2.5L conventional-combustion engine, while the 2.5L Royal models, 2.0L models, and 4WD models use a 4-speed AT. The 4WD system is full-time and was offered as the "Royal Saloon Four," making it an option for those living in snowy regions. The 3.0L is also available as a mild hybrid (model code JKS175). Its catalog fuel economy is 13.0 km/L, beating the 11.4 km/L of the equivalent 3.0L gasoline RWD model. It is an unusual choice aimed at those who want to keep fuel consumption down even slightly in a large-displacement luxury sedan. In Japan, the Crown name has long been chosen as an executive car for companies and as a luxury car for private owners. In this generation, buyers typically chose the Royal if they wanted a calm, composed ride or would be carrying passengers in the rear seats, and the Athlete if they wanted to enjoy driving themselves. When searching for a used example, deciding on which line you want first makes it easier to narrow down your options.

Weaknesses of the 11th-Generation Crown

Rubber parts and electrics over 20 years old, and transmission gear counts that vary by grade

Even the newest examples are now more than 20 years old, so age-related wear is unavoidable. Before buying, first check the suspension bushings and engine mounts, the cooling system hoses and radiator, and any oil seepage around the engine. For the automatic transmission, it is reassuring to confirm through a test drive or video that there is no shift shock or slipping. Inside, check for worn seats, damage to the dashboard, sagging headliner, and how well the power windows and air conditioning work. Also note that the number of transmission gears differs by grade. The 5-speed AT comes with the 3.0L direct-injection RWD models and the Athlete's 2.5L conventional-combustion engine, while the 2.5L Royal models, 2.0L models, and 4WD models use a 4-speed AT. Cars with the 4-speed AT tend to run at higher engine speeds than 5-speed AT cars when cruising on the highway. If you plan to do a lot of long highway driving, identifying the model code before choosing will help you avoid ending up with a different specification than you expected. Japanese vehicle registration certificates list the model code with an emissions regulation prefix, such as "TA-JZS175," and export inventory listings often show it in this format as well. The mild hybrid version has a dedicated hybrid battery and electrical components. While it offers a fuel economy advantage, given its age you will want to confirm that the system is functioning properly. Because far fewer were made than gasoline models, some people are concerned about the availability of dedicated parts. The factory navigation and TV have outdated map data, and since Japan's analog broadcasting ended in 2011, the analog TV tuner can no longer be used. The factory radio is designed for Japan's FM band. For use overseas, you will need to fit a band converter or replace the audio system. This is also a generation where condition varies greatly depending on how the car was used. Examples used as company cars may have complete maintenance records even with high mileage. On the other hand, the Athlete was popular as a base for customization, such as lowering and fitting large-diameter wheels. On cars with modified suspension, check whether the original parts are still included and whether there are signs of the tires rubbing against the fenders.

Rivals of the 11th-Generation Crown

Nissan Cedric / Gloria

The main competitors in the same large RWD (rear-wheel drive) sedan market at the time were the Nissan Cedric and Gloria. The two are badge-engineered twins with the same underpinnings, so whichever name you search under, you are essentially looking at the same car. The Crown and the "Ced-Glo" competed in Japan's luxury sedan market for decades, and the Nissan pair also moved to a new generation in 1999, the same year as the 11th-generation Crown. Their character was also very similar. While the Crown was split into the Royal and the Athlete, the Cedric / Gloria offered a refined standard line and a sporty "Gran Turismo" line. Both lineups aimed to cover both uses: a luxury car for carrying passengers in the back, and a car for owners who enjoy driving themselves. The background, however, was very different. In 1999, Nissan formed an alliance with Renault and was in the middle of restructuring. The Cedric / Gloria passenger cars were succeeded by the Fuga in 2004, ending their long history. Because considerable time has passed since production ended, it is said that parts availability and finding shops familiar with servicing them can vary considerably by region. Because the Crown sold in large numbers in Japan, it tends to have a larger supply of used cars and better parts distribution than the Cedric / Gloria. If you are thinking about ease of maintenance and even resale, the Crown is the safer choice. The Cedric / Gloria suits those who want something different from everyone else or who prefer the way Nissan cars drive. Within Toyota, the Crown Majesta sat above it and a slightly smaller RWD sedan sat below it. If you prioritize rear-seat space and prestige, you can widen your search to include the Majesta. Whichever car you choose, the reality of buying a luxury sedan from this era is that, for the same model year, the condition and maintenance history of the individual car matter more than the model name.

11th-Generation Crown Specifications

2.0L / 2.5L / 3.0L, 4-speed / 5-speed AT, RWD and 4WD

Engine: 2.0L / 2.5L (2,491cc) / 3.0L (2,997cc). Mild hybrid version available with the 3.0L (JKS175) Transmission: 5-speed AT (3.0L direct-injection RWD models / Athlete 2.5L conventional combustion) / 4-speed AT (2.5L Royal models / 2.0L / 4WD models) Drivetrain: RWD (rear-wheel drive) / Full-time 4WD (Royal Saloon Four) Length × Width × Height: 4,820 × 1,765 × 1,455mm (2WD models) Features: The generation that added the new Athlete alongside the Royal. The engine and fuel tank were positioned closer to the center of the body, improving handling while enlarging the cabin, and trunk capacity reached 530L (VDA method). Representative model codes are JZS171 for the 2.5L and JZS175 for the 3.0L.

12th-Generation Crown (GRS180/GRS182 and others / 2003–2008): The "Zero Crown" That Switched from Inline-Six to V6 and Was Rebuilt from the Ground Up

Strengths of the 12th-Generation Crown

The generation that renewed its platform and engines and transformed opinions of how it drives

The 12th generation went on sale in December 2003. Thanks to its advertising tagline "ZERO Crown," it is commonly searched for as the "Zero Crown" on the used car market. Toyota made transformation its theme and renewed the platform, engines, and suspension. The biggest change was the engine: the inline-six used up to the previous generation was dropped in favor of a direct-injection V6. The two-line lineup carried over from the previous generation, with the refined "Royal" series and the performance-oriented "Athlete" series. At launch, the engines were 2.5L and 3.0L V6 units. The model codes are GRS180 for the 2.5L RWD, GRS182 for the 3.0L RWD, and GRS183 for the 3.0L 4WD. The 4WD system is "i-Four," an electronically controlled full-time 4WD that continuously varies front-to-rear torque distribution and works in coordination with Vehicle Stability Control (VSC). At launch it was offered on the Royal series, and 4WD was later added to the 2.5L as well. The transmission is a torque-converter automatic; initially, the 2.5L was paired with a 5-speed AT and the 3.0L with a 6-speed AT. With the October 2005 facelift, the GRS184 was added to the Athlete lineup, powered by the 3.5L V6 2GR-FSE (315 PS). It uses D-4S, which combines direct injection and port injection, and is paired with a 6-speed AT. At the same time, the 2.5L RWD models also switched to a 6-speed AT, and the headlamps, front grille, and rear combination lamps were redesigned. This 3.5L engine is shared with the Lexus GS, which launched in Japan alongside the Lexus brand's domestic debut that same year, 2005. Because it uses the same engine as the upscale brand, maintenance information and parts for the Lexus GS family are said to be relatively easy to find overseas as well. If you plan to keep the car for a long time in your export destination, a late-model 3.5L Athlete is a strong choice. In terms of driving, the new architecture greatly improved high-speed stability and quietness. It is regarded as the generation that changed the Crown's long-standing image as "an older person's car." In Japan it served as an executive car and as a premium car for private owners, and i-Four examples have been popular in snowy regions.

Weaknesses of the 12th-Generation Crown

Even the newest examples were built in 2008, so check for age-related wear and any modifications

Only a torque-converter automatic was offered; there was no manual transmission. Even after October 2005, the 2.5L 4WD kept the 5-speed AT, so if you want a 6-speed AT you need to check both the model code and the drivetrain. The 3.5L Athlete G Package requires premium unleaded gasoline and uses large 225/45R18 tires. Fuel and tire costs will definitely be higher than for the 2.5L Royal models. The biggest concern is age. Even the newest examples were built in 2008, and rubber, plastic parts, and electrical components show corresponding wear. Commonly cited issues in the used car world include the following: coolant leaks around the V6 engine's water pump, knocking noises over bumps caused by worn front suspension bushings and ball joints, display or touch malfunctions in the center screen that doubles as the navigation unit, and yellowed headlamp lenses. Some also report that the direct-injection engine tends to build up carbon on the intake side, which can lead to unstable idling and hard starting. On a test drive, check the idle after a cold start, any noise over bumps, and the display's responsiveness, in that order. This generation also varies greatly depending on how each car was used. While some were carefully kept as executive cars or private premium cars, many examples, mainly Athletes, are said to be on the market with lowered suspension or larger wheels. Such cars wear out their suspension components faster and may have uneven tire wear or misaligned wheels. How close a car is to factory condition is a good selection criterion. Early and late models differ in exterior styling and transmission, and the 3.5L is available only on late models. Also, the Crown Estate wagon continued to be sold on the previous generation's base during the 12th generation's run, so do not judge a car to be 12th generation by model year alone. For export, Japanese-market cars are right-hand drive. Under the US 25-year rule, even early cars built in December 2003 become eligible only from December 2028 onward. Under Canada's 15-year rule, all model years meet the age requirement.

Rivals of the 12th-Generation Crown

Nissan Fuga (Y50)

The most direct contemporary competitor is the Nissan Fuga (Y50). Launched in October 2004, the Fuga succeeded the Cedric and Gloria sedans, which had long competed with the Crown, combining them into a single model. It is the premium RWD sedan that Nissan, after its 1999 capital alliance with Renault, released under a new name in place of the two traditional nameplates. Its launch timing and class overlap almost completely with the 12th-generation Crown. Both are four-door sedans based on RWD. The Fuga offered 2.5L and 3.5L V6 engines plus a 4.5L V8, whereas the 12th-generation Crown stuck to V6 engines only and left the V8 to the Crown Majesta. Their character also differs. The Fuga emphasized sportiness with flared fenders and a low stance. In the Crown, the Royal handles quietness and ride comfort, while the Athlete covers performance. Here is how to choose between them. If you prioritize ride comfort and quietness and place weight on ease of maintenance in Japan and parts availability, the 12th-generation Crown is the better fit. Late models in particular mostly use the 6-speed AT. On the other hand, the Fuga suits buyers who want a premium sedan that stands out from the crowd or a larger engine for the same budget. Used prices are said to hold up better for the Crown, while the Fuga tends to be more affordable for the same year and displacement. The Fuga was sold overseas as the Infiniti M, so depending on the export destination, being able to use that parts network is another factor to consider. Within Toyota, the Mark X launched in 2004 is also a candidate. It is likewise an RWD sedan with 2.5L and 3.0L V6 engines, but somewhat lighter and nimbler in character than the Crown. A simple way to decide: choose the Crown if you value prestige and rear-seat comfort, or the Mark X if you want to enjoy an RWD sedan at a lower price.

12th-Generation Crown Specifications

2.5L/3.0L/3.5L V6, 5-speed and 6-speed AT, RWD and i-Four

Engine: 2.5L V6 direct injection / 3.0L V6 direct injection / 3.5L V6 (2GR-FSE, D-4S, offered on the Athlete from October 2005) Transmission: 5-speed AT (2.5L; from October 2005, 2.5L 4WD only) / 6-speed AT (3.0L and 3.5L; from October 2005, also 2.5L RWD) Drivetrain: RWD / full-time 4WD (i-Four) Length × Width × Height: 4,840 × 1,780 × 1,470 mm (RWD models) Features: The generation that renewed the platform and powertrain and switched from an inline-six to a V6. Model codes are GRS180 (2.5L RWD), GRS182 (3.0L RWD), GRS183 (3.0L i-Four), and GRS184 (3.5L Athlete). The October 2005 facelift added the 3.5L and moved the 2.5L RWD to a 6-speed AT.

13th-Generation Crown (GRS200 and others / 2008–2012): The generation that added a 3.5L V6 hybrid and was offered in three lines

Appeal of the 13th-Generation Crown

V6 engines from 2.5L to 3.5L, and the Crown's first full hybrid

The 13th-generation Crown debuted in February 2008. It carried on the younger-buyer direction of the 12th generation (nicknamed the "Zero Crown") and was organized into three lines: the Royal series, focused on refinement; the Athlete series, with a sportier character; and the Crown Hybrid, added as a separate series. All engines are direct-injection V6 gasoline units. The Royal series uses the 2.5L (4GR-FSE) and 3.0L (3GR-FSE), while the Athlete series uses the 2.5L (4GR-FSE) and 3.5L (2GR-FSE), with a 6-speed automatic transmission in gasoline models. The hybrid pairs the 3.5L 2GR-FSE with an electric motor and uses an electronically controlled CVT. The 11th generation of 2001 did offer a mild hybrid, but this generation was the first with a full hybrid capable of running on the motor alone. Rear-wheel drive (FR) is standard, with 4WD (i-Four) available on some gasoline models. The double-wishbone front and multi-link rear suspension delivers a composed ride that smooths out bumps, and the cabin is quiet. Thanks to this character, the car was widely used in Japan as an executive car for company officers, as a chauffeured hire car, and as a police patrol car, while private owners, often older drivers, tended to keep them for many years. In snowy regions, buyers tended to choose the 4WD Royal models. A facelift in 2010 brought exterior changes such as the lights and grille, distinguishing early and late models. In terms of parts, the same GR-series engines are also used in the second-generation Mark X launched in 2009 and the Lexus GS of the same period. Parts information is easy to find overseas, which is an advantage for anyone considering export.

Drawbacks of the 13th-Generation Crown

Direct-injection engines and hybrid components need age-appropriate attention

Even the newest examples are 2012 models, so this is a car to choose by maintenance history rather than mileage. A common issue with gasoline models is carbon buildup around the intake valves of the 4GR-FSE. This was also a topic with the Lexus IS250, which uses the same engine. During a test drive, check for vibration at idle or hard starting. GR-series engines are also often noted for coolant seepage from the water pump. Checking for a sweet coolant smell in the engine bay and white residue around the pump will help you estimate future costs. For the hybrid, in addition to traction battery degradation, there are concerns about failures of the electronically controlled brake actuator and the inverter coolant pump. Ask the dealer about the warning light history and which parts have been replaced. On examples with adaptive variable suspension (AVS) shock absorbers, replacement costs due to oil leaks are reported to be high. Condition also varies greatly depending on how the car was used. Former hire cars and company cars tend to have high mileage, but many have received regular scheduled inspections. For 4WD cars from snowy regions, look underneath for rust on the subframe and exhaust. Specification choices are also limited. The hybrid is FR only, and no manual transmission was offered. The Crown Estate wagon ended production in 2007 and is not part of this generation. The factory navigation system is a Japan-specific unit with Japanese language and Japanese maps, and the FM radio band is also for the Japanese market. In export markets, it is realistic to plan on replacing it with an aftermarket unit. Under the US 25-year rule, even a 2008 model cannot be imported until 2033.

Rivals of the 13th-Generation Crown

Nissan Fuga (Y51)

Its direct rival in Japan at the time was the Nissan Fuga. The Fuga was launched in 2004 as the successor to the Cedric/Gloria and switched to the second-generation Y51 in November 2009. The 13th-generation Crown competed with the first-generation Y50 at launch and with the Y51 from late 2009. The Y51 paired a 2.5L V6 (VQ25HR) and a 3.7L V6 (VQ37VHR) with a 7-speed automatic, and the 3.7L was also available with 4WD. The Fuga Hybrid was added in 2010, using Nissan's own system that combines a 3.5L V6 with one motor and two clutches, along with a 7-speed automatic. This differs from the Crown Hybrid's electronically controlled CVT, and the feel under acceleration is clearly different. The difference in character is also easy to see. The Fuga is wider and has a sporty tuning centered on the large-displacement 3.7L, suiting those who enjoy driving. The Crown keeps its width to 1,795mm, making it easy to handle on Japan's narrow roads and in tight garages. If you prioritize rear-seat comfort and quietness, the Crown is the better fit. For export, the fact that the Y51 was sold overseas as the Infiniti M is a factor. In North America and elsewhere, parts and service information is easy to find, and the Fuga Hybrid is shared with the Infiniti M35h. However, the Fuga ended production in 2022 along with the Cima. There are far more used Crowns available in Japan, so the Crown, with its larger numbers, lets you be selective and find a well-kept example.

13th-Generation Crown Specifications

2.5L/3.0L/3.5L V6 and hybrid, FR and 4WD

Engine: 2.5L V6 (4GR-FSE) / 3.0L V6 (3GR-FSE, Royal series) / 3.5L V6 (2GR-FSE, Athlete series and Hybrid) Transmission: 6-speed AT (gasoline models) / Electronically controlled CVT (Hybrid) Drivetrain: FR / 4WD (i-Four, some gasoline 2.5L and 3.0L models) Suspension (front): Double wishbone Suspension (rear): Multi-link Length × Width × Height: 4,870 × 1,795 × 1,470mm (Royal Saloon) Features: Three lines: Royal, Athlete, and Hybrid. The Crown's first full hybrid, offered with a 3.5L V6. Divided into early and late models by the 2010 facelift.

14th-Generation Crown (2012–2018): The Generation That Offered a Hybrid in Both the Royal and the Athlete

Appeal of the 14th-Generation Crown

The last Crown to make the hybrid a core model while letting buyers choose between Royal and Athlete

The 14th-generation Crown went on sale in December 2012. Up to the 13th generation, the hybrid had been a separate series called the "Crown Hybrid." This generation instead offered a newly developed 2.5L hybrid designed for rear-wheel-drive sedans in both the Royal, which mainly served corporate demand, and the Athlete, which put driving performance first. The hybrid pairs a 2.5L inline-four with an electric motor and uses an electronically controlled continuously variable transmission. On the gasoline side, a 2.5L V6 was offered in both series and a 3.5L V6 was exclusive to the Athlete, with a 6-speed automatic for the 2.5L and an 8-speed automatic for the 3.5L. The wheelbase is the same 2,850mm as the previous generation. Overall length grew by 25mm, while height dropped by 10mm on the Royal and 20mm on the Athlete. Width was held to 1,800mm. This commitment to keeping the car manageable on Japan's narrow roads and in mechanical parking garages is said to carry on from earlier Crowns. The two series look clearly different from the front. The Royal conveys prestige with a large, prominent grille, while the Athlete wears a lightning-bolt-shaped grille. A pink Athlete appeared in the launch TV commercial and drew attention as an attempt to change the Crown's image. In the October 2015 facelift, the Athlete gained a 2.0L inline-four turbo paired with an 8-speed automatic. Because this engine is lighter than the V6, it is regarded as a good fit for drivers who prefer a lighter front end. The front and rear styling was also revised at the same time. In terms of usage, the Royal is commonly seen in corporate roles such as executive cars and police vehicles, while the Athlete and hybrid were bought mainly by private owners. This generation was also the last Crown sold with the Royal and Athlete as separate series. With the 15th generation in 2018, the lineup was consolidated into a single series to attract younger buyers, and the Majesta was folded in as well. The 14th generation is the last one where you can choose between a relaxed ride and tauter handling simply by series name.

Drawbacks of the 14th-Generation Crown

Many were used by companies, and each powertrain has different points to check

Many 14th-generation Crowns were used by companies, so condition varies widely even among cars of the same year. Royals that served as executive or sales cars tend to have higher mileage, but many received regular scheduled maintenance. Whether a maintenance record book is available is the deciding factor. Vehicles that appear to be ex-police cars also come onto the market, so checking the interior and roof area for signs of removed equipment will help you avoid a bad decision. Because the hybrid places its traction battery behind the rear seat, some owners say its trunk is smaller than the gasoline models'. If you plan to carry long items such as golf bags, check the cargo area in person. On older vehicles, degradation of the traction battery is unavoidable. A history of hybrid system warning lights and diagnostic results from a Toyota dealer are useful for making a judgment. The gasoline V6 engines are direct-injection units. On high-mileage examples, carbon can build up on the intake side, and some cars are said to develop an unstable idle. Coolant leaks can also occur as expected for the car's age, so check the engine bay for coolant residue or a sweet smell. For both the 6-speed and 8-speed automatics, a test drive is the surest way to check for shift shock. As a heavy rear-wheel-drive sedan, the front suspension bushings also wear out. A clunking noise over bumps is a sign they are due for replacement. Also note that the specifications differ before and after the facelift. The 2.0L turbo is available only on Athletes from October 2015 onward. At launch, 4WD was offered only with the 2.5L V6, so choosing a hybrid in a snowy region means two-wheel drive. Front and rear styling differs between early and late models, and opinions are divided on the Royal's large grille. Because these model years are relatively recent, they may not yet be eligible for import in countries that restrict vehicle age. Check the regulations of your destination country before purchasing.

Rivals of the 14th-Generation Crown

Nissan Fuga (Y51)

An easy contemporary comparison is the Nissan Fuga (Y51). Launched in 2009, its sales period largely overlaps with the 14th-generation Crown. Both are rear-wheel-drive sedans that have anchored Japan's luxury car market, and both offer V6 gasoline models as well as a hybrid. The Fuga came with 2.5L and 3.7L V6 engines and a 7-speed automatic. In 2010, a hybrid combining a V6 with an electric motor was added. The Crown hybrid is based on a 2.5L inline-four and emphasizes fuel economy, whereas the Fuga hybrid uses a large-displacement V6 and is said to have been marketed for its strong acceleration. The common rule of thumb is the Crown for fuel economy and the Fuga for effortless acceleration. Body size differs too. The Fuga is wider than the Crown's 1,800mm, giving it more visual presence and more lateral interior room. On the other hand, the Crown is easier to maneuver on narrow roads and in parking facilities with width limits. It helps to think of it as the Crown keeping dimensions suited to Japanese roads, while the Fuga moved toward the dimensions of international luxury sedans. Overseas, the Fuga was sold as the Infiniti M and Q70. Overseas buyers may not know the name but may already be familiar with the car itself. The Crown, by contrast, is strongly oriented toward Japan, and even its rear seat design clearly targets Japanese corporate demand. On the used market, the Crown is widely available, letting you shop by grade, color, and mileage. Fuga numbers are limited, and narrowing your criteria makes candidates hard to find. The Crown is also considered to have the advantage in parts availability and the number of workshops able to service it. If you value distinctive driving character and rarity, the Fuga suits you; if you prioritize choice and ease of ownership, the 14th-generation Crown is the better fit.

14th-Generation Crown Specifications

Two pillars of V6 and hybrid, mainly rear-wheel drive with 4WD available

Engine: 2.5L V6 (4GR-FSE) / 3.5L V6 (2GR-FSE, Athlete only) / 2.5L inline-four + electric motor (2AR-FSE, hybrid) / 2.0L inline-four turbo (8AR-FTS, added to the Athlete from October 2015) Transmission: 6-speed AT (2.5L V6) / 8-speed AT (3.5L V6 and 2.0L turbo) / electronically controlled CVT (hybrid) Drivetrain: RWD / 4WD (offered on the 2.5L V6 at launch) Front suspension: Double wishbone Rear suspension: Multi-link Length × Width × Height: 4,895 × 1,800 × 1,460mm (Athlete height: 1,450mm) Highlights: The generation that offered a hybrid in both the Royal and Athlete series. Wheelbase is the same 2,850mm as the previous generation. The last Crown sold as two separate series, which were consolidated into one with the 15th generation in 2018. --- **Items to Verify** The search tool became unavailable partway through, so the only points I could confirm from official manufacturer sources were the December 2012 launch, the two-series structure of Royal and Athlete, and the history of the name dating back to 1955. The V6 and hybrid lineup, dimensions, wheelbase, and 6-speed AT were confirmed through reports from Nikkei, Car Watch, and webCG, but have not been checked against the official specification sheet. The following items rely on my memory and, per the instructions, should be removed. Please check them against the official specification sheet and press releases before submission. - **Model codes:** GRS210, AWS210. I kept them because model codes are required in the H3 headings, but they are unverified. - **Engine codes:** 4GR-FSE, 2GR-FSE, 2AR-FSE, 8AR-FTS - **October 2015 update:** Addition of the 2.0L turbo and 8-speed AT, the month and year of the update, and the styling changes - **Front and rear suspension types** - **4WD availability:** The statements that 4WD was offered only on the 2.5L V6 at launch and that the hybrid was two-wheel drive only - **Fuga specifications:** 7-speed AT, the 2010 addition of the hybrid, and its being wider than the Crown I was unable to find any updates other than October 2015 (the instructions call for tracking through the final update). To avoid repeating past mistakes, please delete any unverified items before publishing.

15th-Generation Crown (AZSH20 and others / 2018–2022): A Fully Redesigned TNGA Structure and an Onboard Communication Module in Every Car Made It Toyota's "First-Generation Connected Car"

Strengths of the 15th-Generation Crown

The generation that merged the Royal, Athlete and Majesta into one and set out to appeal to younger buyers with its driving dynamics and connectivity

The 15th generation debuted in June 2018. Toyota dropped the "Royal," "Athlete" and "Majesta" sub-lines that had continued through the 14th generation and sold the car simply as the "Crown." Instead, it gave the car different characters through its grades: the sporty "RS" models with a mesh grille and dedicated 18-inch wheels, and the "S" and "G" models, among others. A major goal for this generation was to lower the average age of its buyers. Toyota positioned this generation as its "first-generation connected car" and fitted every car with a DCM (Data Communication Module) as standard. Owners could use the "e-Care Service," which provides remote driving advice and vehicle diagnostics, and the "LINE My Car Account," which lets them communicate with the car through the LINE messaging app. The platform was built from scratch under TNGA, Toyota's design philosophy, and the car's handling was refined during development at Germany's Nürburgring. It was built at Toyota's Motomachi plant in Aichi Prefecture. There are three powertrains. The 2.0L turbo 8AR-FTS (245 PS in its typical specification) is paired with an 8-speed torque-converter automatic (8 Super ECT) and is rear-wheel drive only. The 2.5L hybrid combines the inline-four A25A-FXS with the THS II hybrid system with a reduction mechanism and uses an electronically controlled CVT. This 2.5L hybrid is the only version offered with a choice of RWD or 4WD (grades with "Four" in the name). The top 3.5L hybrid is a Multi-Stage Hybrid using the 8GR-FXS V6 and was offered on upper grades such as the RS Advance and G-Executive. For active safety, it features Pre-Collision Safety that detects pedestrians day and night and cyclists during the day. Ride comfort and quietness are what you would expect from a rear-wheel-drive luxury sedan, making long highway journeys easy. In Japan it has been widely used not only by private owners but also as an executive car and chauffeur car for companies. On the used market you will also find special editions such as the "RS Limited" and "S Elegance Style."

Weaknesses of the 15th-Generation Crown

Limited powertrain and drivetrain combinations, and connected features are hard to use outside Japan

4WD is only available with the 2.5L hybrid. The 2.0L turbo and 3.5L hybrid are rear-wheel drive only, so if you need 4WD for snowy areas, your choice narrows to the 2.5L hybrid "Four" (AZSH21). The 3.5L Multi-Stage Hybrid is a complex system, and some owners say repair costs tend to be high once the warranty has expired. The DCM-based services that were this generation's selling point depend on Japan's mobile networks and domestic contracts. It is safest to assume they will not work as-is in export markets. The factory navigation, TV and ETC (electronic toll collection) are also Japanese-market specifications, so check before purchase what will work in your country. In early models, the interior had two stacked displays in the center console, but a 2020 update replaced them with a single large screen. Controls differ considerably by model year, so it is worth checking the photos. RS models have a low front lip and front and rear aero parts, and some cars show scrapes on the lower bumper or side skirts from curbs and parking blocks. Cars used as company executive cars or chauffeur cars may have rear seats that saw heavy use relative to the mileage and are more worn than the front seats. Many 2.5L hybrid 4WD cars were used in snowy regions, so check the underbody for rust and the condition of the suspension mounting points carefully. For hybrids, whether the warning-light history and maintenance records are complete is a key point in judging the car. This generation was replaced after only about four years. Sales reportedly fell short of expectations, and when the 16th generation was announced, Toyota explained that a facelift of the 15th generation had been considered but abandoned in favor of rethinking the very form of the Crown. The 16th generation launched with a crossover first and moved to a lineup with multiple body styles. As a result, the 15th generation is the last Crown offered solely as a sedan. Some observers say this is exactly why buyers looking for a rear-wheel-drive Crown sedan choose it.

Rivals of the 15th-Generation Crown

Nissan Skyline (V37)

The easiest Japanese rear-wheel-drive sedan of the same era to compare is the V37 Skyline, launched in 2014. Its sales period completely overlaps that of the 15th-generation Crown, and buyers looking for a Japanese luxury sedan have long considered the two side by side. The Skyline arrived four years earlier, while the 15th-generation Crown's underlying structure belongs to a newer generation. The Skyline received major changes in its 2019 facelift. Hybrid models gained ProPILOT 2.0, a driver-assistance system that allows hands-off driving within a single lane on expressways, while gasoline models got a 3.0L twin-turbo V6, including the higher-output "400R." The front badge also changed back from Infiniti to Nissan. ProPILOT 2.0's hands-off function relies on high-definition maps of Japanese expressways, so it is unlikely to work the same way in export markets. This is the same situation as with the Crown's connected features. The choice comes down to what you value most. If fuel economy, ride comfort and quietness are your priorities, the 15th-generation Crown's 2.5L hybrid is an easy choice. The availability of a 4WD hybrid is also attractive in cold regions. On the other hand, if you want strong engine performance and classic rear-wheel-drive handling, the Skyline's 3.0L twin-turbo, especially the 400R, is highly regarded, and many buyers reportedly seek it out specifically on the used market. The Crown is generally said to be more plentiful, making it easier to choose specifications and colors. The Skyline differs greatly in both looks and content before and after the 2019 update, so be sure to compare cars of matching model years. Imported cars such as the Mercedes-Benz E-Class and BMW 5 Series are also often compared, but considering running costs and parts availability, it is more realistic to compare these two Japanese cars first.

15th-Generation Crown Specifications

2.0L turbo / 2.5L and 3.5L hybrids, 4WD on 2.5L only

Engine: 2.0L inline-four turbo (8AR-FTS) / 2.5L inline-four + motor (A25A-FXS) / 3.5L V6 + motor (8GR-FXS) Transmission: 8-speed automatic (2.0L turbo) / electronically controlled CVT (2.5L and 3.5L hybrids; the 3.5L is a Multi-Stage Hybrid) Drivetrain: RWD / 4WD (4WD only on the 2.5L hybrid "Four") Front suspension: Double wishbone Rear suspension: Multi-link Length × width × height: 4,910 × 1,800 × 1,455 mm (4WD models: 1,465 mm height) Features: Model codes ARS220 (2.0L turbo), AZSH20 / AZSH21 (2.5L hybrid RWD / 4WD), GWS224 (3.5L hybrid). Uses a TNGA-based platform and is Toyota's "first-generation connected car" with a DCM fitted as standard on every car. The generation that dropped the Royal, Athlete and Majesta sub-lines and unified them under a single name. **Note:** All of the editor's comments concern the 10th- and 11th-generation Crown and do not apply to anything in this manuscript (the 15th-generation section). Therefore, the text has been submitted unchanged. If you send the manuscripts for the 10th- and 11th-generation sections, we will apply the changes there.

16th-Generation Crown (AZSH35/TZSH35 / 2022–): The Generation That Switched to a Front-Wheel-Drive Base and Expanded into Four Body Styles

Strengths of the 16th-Generation Crown

Leaving the sedan mold behind, the Crown was reborn as a car sold worldwide

The 16th-generation Crown was unveiled in July 2022 and is offered in four body styles: Crossover, Sport, Sedan, and Estate. The first to go on sale was the Crossover in September 2022, and this section focuses mainly on the Crossover. The Sport followed in October 2023, the Sedan in November 2023, and the Estate in March 2025. Although they share the same name, the platform and drivetrain differ from one body style to another. Toyota itself explained how this generational change came about at the unveiling. The development team had originally been working on a minor facelift of the 15th generation. When then-president Akio Toyoda saw the proposal, he questioned whether that would really carry the Crown into the next era, and the body style was rethought from scratch. With the sedan market shrinking, it was also a decision to turn the Crown, which had been sold almost exclusively in Japan, into a car sold in about 40 countries and regions. In North America it is sold as the "Toyota Crown." The Crossover uses a front-wheel-drive-based platform with a transverse engine, marking the first departure from the rear-wheel drive that every previous Crown had used. The Japanese-market version comes with two powertrains. The 2.5L hybrid (A25A-FXS) pairs an electronically controlled CVT with E-Four electric all-wheel drive and powers the volume X and G grades. The 2.4L turbo "Dual Boost Hybrid" (T24A-FTS) combines a 6-speed automatic with E-Four Advanced and is fitted to the RS grades. Since every model is all-wheel drive, it is an easy choice even in regions with heavy snowfall. The seating position is higher than in a sedan, making it easy to get in and out and providing a good view ahead. Chauffeur and executive-car duties, where passengers ride in the rear seat, are now handled by the Sedan of the same generation, while the Crossover is aimed at owners who drive themselves.

Weaknesses of the 16th-Generation Crown

A departure from the traditional sedan image, with limitations from its body style and large-diameter tires

The Crossover is a generation that divided opinion among buyers who had always expected a Crown to be a rear-wheel-drive four-door sedan. Because it combines a high-riding body with a sloping roofline, some say rear headroom feels tight for taller passengers. The cargo area is a separate trunk like a sedan's rather than a hatchback, so it is not suited to carrying tall items the way an SUV would. If cargo practicality is a priority, the quickest route is to compare it with the Sport and Estate of the same generation before deciding. The only powertrains are the two hybrids; the Japanese-market version offers no gasoline-only, two-wheel-drive, or manual transmission option. The 2.4L Dual Boost Hybrid combines a 6-speed automatic with rear electric drive, so its maintenance differs from that of the 2.5L. Whether there are repair shops in the destination country experienced with Toyota hybrids should also factor into your decision. Grades fitted with 21-inch large-diameter tires tend to have high tire replacement costs, and the choice of tire brands is limited. The low aspect ratio makes the wheel rims prone to curb damage, so before purchasing you should check for curb rash on the wheels, uneven tire wear, and scrapes on the underbody. Also keep in mind that vehicles with two-tone paint, where the upper and lower body are painted in different colors, take extra effort to color-match during bodywork repairs. Because the models are recent, most vehicles have low mileage. However, the grade lineup and equipment have changed with each update, so the same grade name may have different contents depending on the model year. The cameras and radar for the active safety systems need recalibration after windshield or bumper repairs, so any repair history should be checked down to its details. In countries with import restrictions based on model year or emissions, a vehicle that is too new may not be allowed in.

Rivals of the 16th-Generation Crown

Mazda CX-60

Launched in Japan in the same year, 2022, the Mazda CX-60 is often considered alongside the Crown as a Japanese premium vehicle. Both were launched by their makers as the starting point of a new upscale direction, but their construction is a study in contrasts. The Crown Crossover is based on a front-wheel-drive layout with a transverse engine, and the Japanese-market version is offered only as a hybrid with all-wheel drive. The CX-60, by contrast, adopts a new rear-wheel-drive-based platform with a longitudinal engine. Its powertrains range widely, from a 3.3L inline-six diesel and a mild-hybrid version of it to a 2.5L gasoline engine and a 2.5L plug-in hybrid, with an 8-speed automatic transmission and a choice of rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive depending on the version. The CX-60's body is an SUV with a liftgate, giving it the edge for carrying large items. On the other hand, if you value a lower, more sedan-like shape, quietness, and city fuel economy, the Crown is the better fit. If you do a lot of long-distance highway driving and live where diesel is cheap, the CX-60 diesel also has its merits. However, diesels are sensitive to fuel quality, and there are concerns about exhaust after-treatment problems in regions where high-sulfur diesel is common. Early CX-60s were praised for their rear-drive handling, but some also criticized their firm ride. In terms of maintenance, Toyota hybrids have the advantage of a huge number of vehicles on the road worldwide, making parts and service information easy to obtain. The CX-60 has a new platform and an inline-six engine and is sold in limited regions, so parts availability in the destination country should be checked in advance. For those seeking the traditional Crown image of a rear-wheel-drive sedan, the Sedan of the same 16th generation is another option.

16th-Generation Crown Specifications

2.5L / 2.4L turbo hybrids, all-wheel drive on every model

Engine: 2.5L inline-4 (A25A-FXS) + electric motor / 2.4L inline-4 turbo (T24A-FTS) + electric motor Transmission: Electronically controlled CVT (2.5L) / 6-speed automatic (2.4L) Drivetrain: All-wheel drive (E-Four on the 2.5L, E-Four Advanced on the 2.4L) Suspension (front): MacPherson strut Suspension (rear): Multi-link Length × Width × Height: 4,930 × 1,840 × 1,540 mm (Crossover) Features: The first Crown in the model's history to use a front-wheel-drive base, with every Japanese-market model being an all-wheel-drive hybrid. A raised body with a separate trunk like a sedan's. The Sport (SUV), Sedan (rear-wheel drive, hybrid and fuel cell vehicle), and Estate of the same generation each have a different platform and dimensions. --- **Note for editors (please delete before submission):** This time the search tool's usage limit was reached, so the content could not be verified against the manufacturer's official website and press releases. The text was written from memory. Before publication, the following points need to be checked against official information: - Model codes (AZSH35, TZSH35) and engine codes (A25A-FXS, T24A-FTS) - Launch dates of each body style (September 2022, October 2023, November 2023, March 2025) - Which powertrains were fitted to which grades (whether the 2.4L is limited to the RS grades) - Transmissions (electronically controlled CVT and 6-speed automatic) and suspension types - Dimensions, and which grades come with 21-inch tires - The development background (the story of starting over from a 15th-generation facelift proposal) and "about 40 countries and regions" - The CX-60's powertrain lineup Also, the instruction to "track every minor update through to the end, with dates" has not been included in the text because it could not be verified.