The Charm of the First Generation Subaru Sambar

Smooth ride and convenience

The first generation (1961-1966) adopted a rear engine + independent four-wheel suspension, which was unusual for light commercial vehicles at the time. With the engine under the cargo bed, traction was easily maintained even when the vehicle was unladen. This, coupled with the flexibility of the independent suspension, gained user ratings for transporting fragile items without breaking glass or crumbling the corners of tofu. The vehicle featured a ladder frame body, a 356cc, 2-stroke I2, EK32 type (with a maximum output of 20ps), and a 3-speed MT combination. The full cab package allowed for a longer cargo area, providing an advantage for urban deliveries. The models were K151 (truck), and K161/162 (van).

Drawbacks of the First Generation Subaru Sambar

The limits of power performance and safety equipment

The 2-stroke engine with a maximum output of 18-20ps class and the 3-speed manual transmission are considered modest by modern standards, requiring cautious driving on highways or steep roads. Moreover, the car's front doors are rear-hinged (also known as "suicide doors"), and its crash safety and passive safety equipment of that time fall short compared to modern vehicles. Depending on how it's used and the road conditions, sufficient stopping distance and interval between vehicles should be maintained, as much care as needed when handling a classic car is necessary.

The rival of the first generation Subaru Sambar

Suzulight (Suzuki) Carry (early model)

The **Suzuki Carry (FB series "Suzulight Carry")**, born in 1961, started from a semi-cabover design (front-loaded with a short bonnet) and was powered by a 359cc air-cooled two-stroke engine. It later evolved into a full cabover. Despite similar layouts and performance characteristics, the Subaru Sambar distinguished itself with a rear-engine layout, outstanding cargo/bed efficiency, and a unique ride experience due to its independent suspension. The two vehicles' unique qualities were shaped by differing design philosophies on how best to ensure usable cargo space in light commercial vehicles prioritising purpose. (Wikipedia)

Specifications of the First-Generation Subaru Sambar

Model Year: 1961-1966 Size: Overall length 2,990mm x overall width 1,300mm x overall height 1,520mm / wheelbase 1,670mm Engine: 356cc 2-stroke straight-2 (EK32) Approximately 18-20ps Transmission: 3MT Drive system: RR Model: K151 (Truck), K161/162 (Van)

The Appeal of the Second-Generation Subaru Sambar

From 20 to 26ps, easy handling in daily range.

The second generation, debuting in 1966, improved its output from 20ps to 26ps (after revisions in 1970) despite having the same 356cc engine. In 1970, the doors were redesigned to hinge at the front, improving safety and ease of entry and exit. Adjustments to interior space and features increased its suitability for delivery and commercial use, and as Japan experienced rapid growth, it became established as the "workhorse of the city". The option for a supplementary transmission (3MT+overdrive), providing a range of gear choices to match the load/hill conditions, was among its attractive features.

Disadvantages of the Second Generation Subaru Sambar

Oldness of the basic design and rear hinges of the previous model

The previous model continued with the rear hinged doors, leaving some inconvenience in handling. The basic structure follows that of the first generation, so the power and quietness may be modest by today's standards. Its character is optimized more for short distance delivery in urban areas than long distance travel, and the choices for comfort features are limited. It would be good to check the differences between the earlier and later models (doors, engine output, interior) when buying.

Rival of the second-generation Subaru Sambar

Daihatsu Hijet (Initial to Cab-Over Transition Period)

The Daihatsu Hijet was introduced in 1960. Originally a bonnet-type van, it transitioned to a cab-over design in 1964, enhancing its load capacity and maneuverability. Just like the Subaru Sambar, it became a standard bearer in Japan's light commercial vehicle market, often chosen for its widespread sales and service network depending on the region or application. The Sambar is known for its rear-engine, independent suspension ride, and the Hijet for its wide range of available configurations and ease of purchase, each with its own distinct appeal.

Specifications of the Second-Generation Subaru Sambar

Model Years: 1966–1973 Size: Overall length 2,995mm x width 1,295mm x height 1,535–1,545mm / Wheelbase 1,750mm Engine: 356cc 2-stroke straight 2 (EK31/33) 20–26ps Transmission: 3MT/4MT (with secondary shift configuration available) Drive system: RR Model codes: K153/K154 (trucks), K163 (vans) / 1970 improved models K55 (trucks) & K64 (vans)

The Appeal of the Third Generation Subaru Sambar

Water-cooled & 4WD Configuration (1980)

The third generation of 1973 adopted a water-cooled engine (initially a 2-stroke EK34, later expanded to a 4-stroke EK21 → EK22 → EK23), improving thermal margins and quietness. In 1980, it was the first light truck/van to offer a 4WD setting, which proved its worth in snowy locations and on unpaved roads. Usability also improved with features such as dual sliding doors (depending on the grade, for example, higher-grade van/Tri series, etc.) and body widening. The model is divided into multiple versions based on displacement volume and body type, and evolves in stages from K71/K81 (360) → K75/K85 (490 "Sambar 5") → K77/K87 (550).

Third-Generation Subaru Sambar's Shortcomings

Torque characteristics during the transition from 2-stroke to 4-stroke

When transitioning from 2-stroke to 4-stroke (EK21) in 1976, it was noted that the low-speed torque decreased due to the increased rotation range necessary to maintain the maximum output. Choosing gears became critical during loading and climbing, and careful driving was needed. Additionally, the displacement, output, and equipment vary depending on the model year, so it is crucial to thoroughly verify the model year, type, and specifications when purchasing.

Rival of the third-generation Subaru Sambar

Honda Acty (First Generation 1977-1988)

The Honda Acty was launched in 1977. With its lightweight design and low floor for excellent loading capacities, and its reliability, it became popular and was a staple in commercial use up until the second generation (1988–1999). The Subaru Sambar with its RR+ independent suspension, and the Acty with its mid-to-lightweight design focus, differed in terms of design philosophy, and broadened the options for users, taking into account factors such as everyday maintenance and dealership networks.

Specifications of the Third Generation Subaru Sambar

Year: 1973-1982 Size: Length 3,195mm x Width 1,395mm x Height 1,850-1,885mm / Wheelbase 1,805-1,820mm Engine: 356cc (EK34 2-stroke), 360cc (EK21 4-stroke), 490cc (EK22), 550cc (EK23) Transmission: 4MT Drivetrain: RR / Part-time 4WD (from 1980) Model: K71/K81 (360), K75/K76/K85 (490 "5"), K77/K87 (550)

The Charm of the 4th Generation Subaru Sambar

Enhancement of 4WD and expansion of usability

The fourth generation introduced in 1982, added the subname **"Sambar Try"** to the box car. The front suspension of the 4WD vehicle was converted to MacPherson struts, and load carrying and off-road performance were enhanced with **dual range (with EL) and high roof** options. In later years, full-time 4WD (with free running clutch) and front ventilated disk (4WD) were also added, improving reliability on snowy or rough roads. For export, there is also a 665cc version called the "Subaru 700". The model numbers are KR (for van/try) and KT (for truck) **series**.

Drawbacks of the Fourth Generation Subaru Sambar

No AT setting・2-cylinder sound vibration

The domestic model does not have AT (Torque Converter AT) and, although it has an auto clutch, there remains a burden of operation for beginner drivers and in traffic congestion. The engine is an **EK23 straight-2 cylinder (2-valve 28hp/3-valve 34hp)**, which can be noisy and lack a sense of speed compared to more recent straight-3 and straight-4 engines. Since there are also brake specifications differences (front drum --> front disc) depending on the model year, it is important to choose the right grade according to your needs.

Rival of the fourth-generation Subaru Sambar

Daihatsu Hijet (S80 series and others)

The **Daihatsu Hijet (S80 series: 1986-)** from the mid-1980s competed with the latest inline three-cylinder engines and a wide range of body grades. Including road conditions, regional maintenance, and availability of parts, the Subaru Sambar continued to be preferred for its load stability with a RR + independent suspension, while the Hijet remained popular for its wide variation and availability.

Specifications of the 4th Generation Subaru Sambar

Year: 1982–1990 Size: Overall Length 3,195mm, Width 1,395mm, Height 1,615–1,900mm / Wheelbase 1,805mm Engine: 544cc Straight-2 (EK23 2-valve 28ps / 3-valve 34ps) Transmission: 4MT / 5MT / EL+4MT (Depending on the model) Drive system: RR / Part-time 4WD / Full-time 4WD Model: M-KR1/M-KR5 (Van series), M-KT1/M-KT6 (Truck series)

The Charm of the 5th Generation Subaru Sambar

Ease of Inline-4 EN07 & Supercharger

The fifth generation in 1990 was upgraded to a 660cc vehicle to meet new standards. It was equipped with a inline four-cylinder EN07 engine, offering a lineup of NA 40-46ps/SC 55ps. With options such as ECVT (continuously variable transmission), 5MT (with EL), 3AT, Part-time/Full-time 4WD, the choices expanded. The Dias specification also featured an abundant comfort equipment. The smoothness of the inline four, combined with the powerfulness of the supercharger and the stability of the RR layout and independent suspension, broadened its defensive range from city deliveries to long uphill inclines.

Cons of the 5th Generation Subaru Sambar

Issues with ECVT Driveability and Year Model Differences

The ECVT that was used until the mid-term was discontinued in 1995 due to drivability issues, and has since been consolidated to a 3AT. When selecting used cars, it is crucial to consider whether it is MT/AT/ECVT and to verify its maintenance history. Also, equipment and output can vary depending on the year and grade, so always cross-reference the actual vehicle specifications with the model type - **KS (truck) / KV (van)**.

Rival of the fifth-generation Subaru Sambar

Suzuki Every/Carry (1990s)

The Suzuki Every/Carry from the 1990s falls under the same 660cc category, with their wide variety of grades and nationwide distribution being their strength. The Sambar promotes load stability and smoothness with its RR + straight-4 (turbocharged) specifications, while the Every/Carry contends with ease of maintenance and availability. Both cars are mainstream in terms of export cases and parts supply, allowing you to choose based on your needs and preferences. (en.suzukiclub.cz)

Specifications of the 5th generation Subaru Sambar

Year: 1990–1999 Size: Overall length 3,295mm x overall width 1,395mm x overall height 1,760–1,895mm/wheelbase 1,885mm Engine: 658cc Straight Four (EN07C/EN07F NA, EN07Y SC, LPG specs available) 40–55ps Transmission: 5MT (with EL)/ECVT (until 1995)/3AT Drive system: RR/Part-time 4WD/Full-time 4WD Model: KS3/KS4 (Truck), KV3/KV4 (Van/Dias)